Rows: 189
Columns: 11
$ low <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, …
$ age <int> 19, 33, 20, 21, 18, 21, 22, 17, 29, 26, 19, 19, 22, 30, 18, …
$ lwt <int> 182, 155, 105, 108, 107, 124, 118, 103, 123, 113, 95, 150, 9…
$ race <int> 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, …
$ smoke <int> 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, …
$ ptl <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, …
$ ht <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, …
$ ui <int> 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, …
$ ftv <int> 0, 3, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, …
$ bwt <int> 2523, 2551, 2557, 2594, 2600, 2622, 2637, 2637, 2663, 2665, …
$ smoke_fct <fct> Nonsmoker, Nonsmoker, Smoker, Smoker, Smoker, Nonsmoker, Non…
21.12.5 Comment on the effect size and the practical significance of the result.
In order to know if smoking is a risk factor for low birth weight, we would need to know what a difference of 80 g or 490 grams means for babies. Although most of us presumably don’t have any special training in obstetrics, we could do a quick internet search to see that even half a kilogram is not a large amount of weight difference between two babies. Having said that, though, any difference in birth weight that might be attributable to smoking could be a concern to doctors. In any event, our data is observational, so we cannot make causal claims here.